A lateral Iwan at Bayt Jubran Afandi Shamiyya, Bab Tuma

A lateral Iwan at Bayt Jubran Afandi Shamiyya, Bab Tuma

View over the roof of the south-western Madrasat Ismaʿil Basha al-ʿAzm to the Umayyad Mosque with its high transept of the prayer hall with a central dome and its three minarets

View over the roof of the south-western Madrasat Ismaʿil Basha al-ʿAzm to the Umayyad Mosque with its high transept of the prayer hall with a central dome and its three minarets

Previous state 1995, main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41_View with ornamental details, spolia, and a coat of arms

The main arch and the integrated columns of the Nabataean gate in Busra

The main arch and the integrated columns of the Nabataean gate in Busra

The Nabataean gate with its main arch, columns and capitals

The Nabataean gate with its main arch, columns and capitals

Bouquet of flowers and fruits in bowls on the wall cornice in the reception room (Qaʿa) of the Sadir house

Bouquet of flowers and fruits in bowls on the wall cornice in the reception room (Qaʿa) of the Sadir house

House in Bahsita, , bevelled wall corner with a Muqarnas console

House in Bahsita, , bevelled wall corner with a Muqarnas console

Mausoleum Ahmad Basha, general view of the facade

Mausoleum Ahmad Basha, general view of the facade

Raʾs al-ʿAyn, view from the garden to the late Ottoman house, situated on a slope

Raʾs al-ʿAyn, view from the garden to the late Ottoman house, situated on a slope

Reconstruction (drawing) of the missing part of the main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41-b_Marking missing stones after partial collapse

Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, entrance - decoration details

Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, entrance – decoration details

Great Mosque of Aleppo, courtyard floor with geometrical designs

Great Mosque of Aleppo, courtyard floor with geometrical designs

Great Mosque of Aleppo, courtyard, vertical declining sundial

Great Mosque of Aleppo, courtyard, vertical declining sundial

Great Mosque of Aleppo, courtyard, horizontal sundial

Great Mosque of Aleppo, courtyard, horizontal sundial

Great Mosque of Aleppo, prayer hall interior and Shrine of the Prophet Zechariah

Great Mosque of Aleppo, prayer hall interior and Shrine of the Prophet Zechariah

Bimaristan Arghun, octagonal courtyard - view of dome pendentives

Bimaristan Arghun, octagonal courtyard – view of dome pendentives

Bimaristan Arghun, southern facade of main courtyard

Bimaristan Arghun, southern facade of main courtyard

Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, prayer niche

Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, prayer niche

Qal‘at Shayzar ( Citadel), An Arabic inscription on top of the citadel entrance.

Qal‘at Shayzar ( Citadel), An Arabic inscription on top of the citadel entrance.

Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, minbar (pulpit) - inscription

Jamiʿ at-Tawashi, minbar (pulpit) – inscription

Khan as-Sabun, window and decoration above the entrance

Khan as-Sabun, window and decoration above the entrance

Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance of the prayer hall

Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance of the prayer hall

Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, columns and pillars

Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, columns and pillars

Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, courtyard and basin

Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, courtyard and basin

Madrasat al-Firdaws, inscription

Madrasat al-Firdaws, inscription

Madrasat al-Firdaws, lobed octagonal basin in the centre of courtyard

Madrasat al-Firdaws, lobed octagonal basin in the centre of courtyard

A sculpture of a woman, showing clothes and jewelry details

A sculpture of a woman, showing clothes and jewelry details

Burj al-Ghanam, general view of the tower's west-south corner

Burj al-Ghanam, general view of the tower’s west-south corner

Jaʿbar Castle in at-Tabqa, General view

Jaʿbar Castle in at-Tabqa, General view

Bridge over deep ditch reaching the Castle of Ibn Maʿn

Bridge over deep ditch reaching the Castle of Ibn Maʿn